Types of water pollution

Types of water pollution

Water pollution is usually caused by human activities. Different human sources add to the pollution of water. There are two sorts of sources, point and nonpoint sources. Point sources discharge pollutants at specific locations through pipelines or sewers into the surface water. Nonpoint sources are sources that cannot be traced to a single site of discharge.

Examples of point sources are: factories, sewage treatment plants, underground mines, oil wells, oil tankers and agriculture. Examples of nonpoint sources are: acid deposition from the air, traffic, pollutants that are spread through rivers and pollutants that enter the water through groundwater. Nonpoint pollution is hard to control because the perpetrators cannot be traced.(Mariz_08-06)

 

Air Pollution

Air Pollution

Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air.  Every time we breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their way into the air.

Air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere.  These dangerous substances can be either in the form of gases or particles.

Water Pollution

Water is an important environmental component of life. It covers over 70% of the earth's surface. It can be used as drinking water, for bathing, washing, etc. The living thing on earth can’t be separated from the need for water. Water is the main requirement for the process of life on earth. So there is no life if on earth there is no water. However, water can be disastrous if not available in the right conditions, both the quality and quantity.

Contribution of Merapi Volcano

Contribution of Mount Merapi Volcano Emission During Quiescent state to background SO2

Regina Purie, Environmental Management Research Group, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia.

Environmental impact of volcanic eruptions

On locations where tectonic plates diverge or converge, volcanoes can be found. A volcano consists of a deep magma chamber where magma accumulates, pipes that lead to surface vents, and the vents through which lava is emitted during a volcanic eruption. Volcanoes are often known to have a mountain-like shape (see picture). 

Figure 1: layout of a volcano

Volcanoes that have not erupted for some time are dormant, and volcanoes that have not erupted even in the distant past are called extinct. Volcanic activity and volcanic eruption is usually triggered by alterations of tectonic plates, resulting in landslides or earthquakes.

Structure and CO 2 budget of Merapi volcano during inter-eruptive periods

Soil temperature and gas (CO ₂ concentration and flux) have been investigated at Merapi volcano (Indonesia) during two inter-eruptive periods (2002 and 2007). Precise imaging of the summit crater and the spatial pattern of diffuse degassing along a gas traverse on the southern slope are interpreted in terms of summit structure and major caldera organization. The summit area is characterized by decreasing CO ₂concentrations with distance from the 1932 crater rim, down to atmospheric levels at the base of the terminal cone. 

DAMPAK DEBU MERAPI

 

Saat ini ketika Gunung Merapi dalam status awas dan mengeluarkan debu vulkanik yang menyebar sampai ke Muntilan, Magelang, Temanggung, Boyolali, dan Yogyakarta, bahkan mungkin sampai di luar wilayah-wilayah tersebut besarnya letusan, arah letusan, dan arah serta kecepatan angin. Debu Merapi yang menyebar menjadi partikel di udara kita / atmosfer tersebut mengandung-unsur-unsur kimia belerang (sulfur).